Political and Economic Factors, than influence ICT Developments in Assignment

Political and Economic Factors, than influence ICT Developments in Greece - Assignment Example This paper presents a brief informative analysis of the current level of ICT utilization in Greece economy. The economy of the world exudes deep influences from developments in ICT. This is evident as indicated by the fact that every contemporary business in the world focuses on the integration if ICT in order to obtain some of the benefits that they offer. For the success of e-commerce in Greece, it would be necessary for the government to develop policies that encourages the implementation of ICT through the adaptation of the technological applications into the various activities. The Greek economy has a lot of microenterprises and SMEs, which consider ICT as unnecessary. The reason for the exclusion of ICT by the enterprises is that the immediate benefits of the integration might seemingly not outweigh the investments in the ICT infrastructure. In order for the government to get involved in the development of a suitable framework for the achievement of economic growth, it decided to operate within the framework of the European Union, which has some programs specifically for enterprises. The government ensures that it takes advantage of ICT initiatives through training the members of staff, which ensures an indisputable acquisition of ICT benefits to the economy. The disadvantage of this is that funding for the training programs is in adequate The political factors that have an influence on the development of ICT in the Greek market are somehow related to the economic factors.

Thesis Statement Studies have shown that exercise decrease Research Paper

Thesis Statement Studies have shown that exercise decrease hypertension and organ damage in elderly, more so than Medications - Research Paper Example In this sense, the historical and current bases of this debate are mentioned, albeit lightly. III. Medication versus exercise This section specifically highlights the points and issues brought forward by both sides of the debate. That is, the arguments brought forward by those believing that exercise is a more effective preventive and treatment technique for hypertension compared to medications. However, the importance of seeking medical advice prior to engaging in any form or period of exercise is emphasized. IV. Exercise and Its Effects on the Heart This section narrows down on the exact benefits and effects of exercise, which makes it better and more effective than medication in preventing and treating hypertension and reducing organ damage in elderly people. V. Recommendations This section is about the various techniques and approaches by which health care professionals and individual elderly persons may engage in sports and other exercise to prevent, treat, and manage hypertensi on and organ damage. VI. Conclusion This section is a summary of the entire paper, especially on the reasons exercise is more effective than medication in preventing and treating organ damage and hypertension. VII. References This is the list of some of the references used in gathering the information contained in the paper. Abstract It is common knowledge that a healthy lifestyle is quite an important part of the treatment and prevention of hypertension, thus indispensable in this regard. According to the American Heart Association and the American College of Sports Medicine, moderate-intensity resistance exercise or training should be used to complement aerobic exercise programs in any efforts to prevent, treat, and control hypertension. According to numerous past and current studies on short-term post-exercise blood pressure reduction in elderly hypertensive patients, the rationale for such exercises is the control of blood pressure. The issue of blood pressure control is more pr ofound in the aged and people already diagnosed with hypertension, especially with regards to the lowering of resting blood pressure. Although exercise activities elicit post-exercise blood pressure drop, the mechanisms causing these responses are not entirely understood. In most of these studies that target elderly hypertensive patients aged about 65, cardiac output and blood pressure are the variables commonly measured, both at rest and after short periods of low-intensity exercises such as bicycle rides. The results of most of these studies indicate that in hypertensive patients, exercises provoke a considerable drop in blood pressure and cardiac output. The therapeutic and preventive uses of exercise have made it to be compared with medication with respect to the treatment and prevention of hypertension. In fact, many a stakeholder feels that exercise is more effective than medication in the treatment of hypertension. However, there are those with opposing opinion who believe me dication still has an upper hand in treating and preventing hypertension. Introduction Quite a number of health literatures cover the techniques by which one may reduce or manage high blood pressure and other heart-related conditions. However, fewer health literatures recommend techniques for controlling and preventing heart conditions without involving medications. Most literatures emphasize the effectiveness of

Prospectus on Upsc Essay Example for Free

Prospectus on Upsc Essay ABOUT CIVIL SERVICES The Civil Services Exam popularly known as IAS Exam is conducted by UPSC (Union Public Service Commission) every year. It is a combined exam to recruit officers into Indian Administrative Service (IAS), Indian Foreign Service (IFS), Indian Police Service (IPS), Indian Revenue Service (IRS), Indian Audit and Accounts Services, Indian Railway Traffic Service (IRTS) and several other GROUPAGROUP B Central services. All India Services officers i.e., IAS and IPS officers are given state cadres after the selection. The cadre controlling authority of IAS is Ministry of Personnel and Public Grievances, Government of India. The IPS cadre is controlled by Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India. Overall, the IAS officers as District Collectors play a major role in the administration of the country. LIST OF CIVIL SERVICES FOR WHICH COMBINED EXAMINATION IS HELD 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Indian Administrative Service. Indian Foreign Service. Indian Police Service. Indian P T Accounts Finance Service, Group ‘A’. Indian Audit and Accounts Service, Group ‘A’. Indian Revenue Service (Customs and Central Excise) Group A Indian Defiance Accounts Service, Group ‘A’. Indian Revenue Service, Group ‘A’. Indian Ordnance Factories Service, Group A (Assistant Works Manager, Administration) Indian Postal Service, Group ‘A’. 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 Indian Railway Accounts Service, Group ‘A’. Indian Railway Personnel Service, Group ‘A’. Post of Assistant Security Officer, Group A in Railway Protection Force. Indian Defence Estates Service, Group ‘A’. Indian Information Service (Junior Grade), Group ‘A’. Indian Trade Service, Group A (GR.III) Indian Corporate Law Service, Group A Armed Forces Headquarters Civil Service, Group ‘B’ (Section Officer’s Grade) Delhi, Andaman Nicobar Islands, Lakshadweep, Daman Diu and Dadra Nagar Haveli Civil Service, Group ‘B’ Delhi, Andaman Nicobar Islands, Lakshadweep, Daman Diu and Dadra Nagar Haveli Police Service, Group ‘B’ Pondicherry Civil Services Pondicherry Police Service, Group B Indian Civil Accounts Service, Group ‘A’. Indian Railway Traffic Service, Group ‘A’. REQUIREMENTS 1. Minimum Educational Qualifications : Graduation in any discipline from a UGC recognized University. Students in final year of graduation are also eligible forthe exam. The eligibility of being graduate is required atthe time of filling Mains form. 2. Age limit: GENERAL : 21 to 30 YEARS O.B.C. : 21 to 33 YEARS (Non-creamy Layer) SC/ST : 21 to 35 YEARS Note: Age is calculated as on 1st August of the year of the examination. 3. Number of attempts allowed: GENERAL : 4 attempts O.B.C. : 7 attempts (Non-creamy Layer) SC/ST : Up to 35 years of age EXAMINATION PATTERN Stages of Examination: (1) Prelims (1) Prelims : †¢ This examination is meant to serve as a screening test only; the marks obtained in the Preliminary Examination by the candidates who are declared qualified for admission to the Main Examination will not be counted for determining their final order of merit. †¢ From the year 2013 onwards the Civil Services (Prelim) Exams shall serve as the Screening Test for both the Civil Services as well as the Indian Forest Service Examinations. †¢ Candidates will be asked to exercise their option to either choose Civil Services or Indian Forest Service or both, as per their eligibility conditions. †¢ Combined Prelim Exams for Civil Services Indian Forest Service, 2014 shall be held on 24th August, 2014.(NOTE:- The dates of Notification, commencement and duration of Examinations are liable to alteration by UPSC. (2) Mains (Written): †¢ †¢ Only those candidates who are declared by the Commission to have qualified in t he Preliminary Examination in the year will be eligible for admission to the Main Examination of that year provided they are otherwise eligible for admission to the Main Examination. Marks thus obtained by the candidates in the Main Examination (written part as well as interview) would determine their final ranking. Candidates will be allotted to the various Services keeping in view their ranks in the examination and the preferences expressed by them for the various Services and Posts. Civil Services Mains (Written Examination), 2014 shall commence from 14th December, 2014. Indian Forest Service Mains (Written Examination), 2014 shall commence from 22nd November, 2014.(NOTE:- The dates of Notification, commencement and duration of Examinations are liable to alteration by UPSC. (2) Mains (Written) (3) Mains (Interview) (3) Mains (Interview): †¢ †¢ Candidates, who obtain such minimum qualifying marks in the written part of the Main Examination as may be fixed by the Commission at their discretion, shall be summoned by them for interview for a Personality Test. Candidates who are selected in the Mains Written Examination will be eligible to appear before the Interview Board at New Delhi. It is usually held by the UPSC in March April. Syllabi for the Examination: I. Prelims: Paper I(General Studies) (200 marks) Duration: Two Hours †¢ Current events of national and international importance. †¢ History of India and Indian national movement. †¢ Indian and World Geography- physical, social, economic geography of India and the world. †¢ Indian Polity and governance – constitution, political system, panchayati raj, public policy, Rights issues, etc. †¢ Economic and social development – sustainable development, poverty, inclusion, demographics, social sector initiatives etc. †¢ General issues on environmental ecology, bio-diversity and climate change-that do not require subject specialization. †¢ General science. Paper II(CSAT) (200 marks) – Duration: Two Hours †¢ Comprehension. †¢ Interpersonal skills including communication skills. †¢ Logical reasoning and analytical ability. †¢ Decision making and problem solving. †¢ General mental abili ty †¢ Basic numeracy (numbers and their relations, orders of magnitude etc. (Class X level), Data interpretation (charts, graphs, tables, data sufficiency etc. –Class X level). †¢ English language comprehension skills (Class X level). Note 1: Note 2: The questions will be of the objective type (multiple choice questions) with four alternatives for the answers to every question. For each question for which a wrong answer has been given by the candidate, one-third (0.33%) of the marks assigned to that question will be deducted as penalty except some of the questions where the negative marking will be inbuilt in the form of different marks being awarded to the most appropriate and not so appropriate answer for such questions. The Commission will draw a list of candidates to be qualified for Civil Service (Main) Examination based on the total qualifying marks as may be determined by the Commission, of the two papers put together. Questions relating to English Language Comprehension skills of Class X level (last item in the Syllabusof Paper II) will be tested through passages from English language only without providing Hindi translation thereof in the question paper. Note 3: Note 4: II. Mains Written Examination: †¢ †¢ †¢ The Mains Examination is held for those candidates who qualify the Prelims. The main Examination is intended to assess the overall intellectual traits and depth of understanding of candidates rather than merely the range of their information and memory. The nature and standard of questions in the General Studies papers (Paper II to Paper V) will be such that a well-educated person will be able to answer them without any specialized study. The questions will be such as to test a candidate’s general awareness of a variety of subjects, which will have relevance for a career in Civil Services. The questions are likely to test the candidate’s basic understanding of all relevantissues, and ability to analyze, and take a view on conflicting socio- economic goals, objectives and demands. The candidates must give relevant, meaningful and succinct answers. The scope of the syllabus for optional subject papers (Paper VI and Paper VII) for the examination is broadly of the honors degree level i.e. a level higher than the bachelors’ degree and lower than the masters’degree. In the case of Engineering, Medical Science and law, the level corresponds to the bachelors’degree. Mains Exam pattern, as per the latest Notification, is as under; (Papers not to be counted for merit) Indian Language (One of the Indian Language to be selected By the candidate from the Languages included in the Eighth Schedule to the Constitution) (Matriculation or equivalent standard) English (Matriculation or equivalent standard) (Papers to be counted for merit) 250 Marks 250Marks 300 Marks Qualifying Paper; Paper- A Paper- B 300 Marks Compulsory Papers; Paper-I Paper-II Essay General Studies–I (Indian Heritage and Culture,History and Geography of the Worldand Society) General Studies –II (Governance, Constitution, Polity, Social Justice and International relations) General Studies –III (Technology, Economic Development, Bio-diversity, Environment, Security and Disaster Management) General Studies –IV (Ethics, Integrity and Aptitude) Optional Subject – Paper 1 Optional Subject – Paper 2 Paper-III 250 Marks Paper-IV 250 Marks Paper-V 250 Marks Paper-VI Paper-VII 250 Marks 250 Marks ____________ Sub Total (Written test) 1750 Marks (Each paper of 3 hours duration) Candidates may choose any one of the optional subjects from amongstthe list given below; Agriculture Animal Husbandry Veterinary Science Anthropology Botany Chemistry Civil Engineering Commerce and Accountancy Economics Electrical Engineering Geography Geology History Law Management Mathematics Mechanical Engineering Medical Science Philosophy Physics Political Science and International Relations Psychology Public Administration Sociology Statistics Zoology Literature of any one of the following languages : Assamese, Bengali, Bodo, Dogri, Gujarati, Hindi, Kannada, Kashmiri, Konkani, Maithili, Malayalam, Manipuri, Marathi, Nepali, Oriya, Punjabi, Sanskrit, Santali, Sindhi, Tamil, Telugu, Urdu and English Note 1: The question papers will be of conventional (essay) type. Note 2: Evaluation of the papers, namely, ‘Essay’, ‘General Studies’ and Optional Subject of all the candidates would be done simultaneously along with evaluation of their qualifying papers on ‘Indian Languages’ and ‘English’ but the papers on ‘Essay’, General Studies and Optional Subject of only such candidates will be taken cognizance of who attain such minimum standard as may be fixed by Commission at their discretion for the qualifying papers on ‘Indian Language’ and ‘English. Note 3: If a candidate’s handwriting is not easily legible, a deduction will be made on this account from the total marks otherwise accruing to him. Note 4: Marks will not be allotted for mere superficial knowledge. Note 5: Credit will be given for orderly, effective, and exact expression combined with due economy of words in all subjects of the examination. III. Mains Interview (Personality Test): Interview weightage is 275 Marks. The score secured at Interview is added to candidate’s Mains written examination score for ranking. (Ranking is based on score out of 2025 Marks) Note 1: The candidate will be interviewed by a Board who will have before them a record of his career. He willbeasked questions on matters of general interest. Note 2: The object of the interview is to assess the personal suitability of the candidate for a career in public service by a Board of competent and unbiased observers. The test is intended to judge the mental calibre of a candidate. In broad terms this is really an assessment of not only his intellectual qualities but also social traits and his interest in current affairs. Note 3: Some of the qualities to be judged are mental alertness, critical powers of assimilation, clear and logical exposition, balance of judgement, variety and depth of interest, ability for social cohesion and leadership, intellectual and moral integrity. Note 4: The te chnique of the interview is not that of a strict cross†examination but of a natural, though directed and purposive conversation which is intended to reveal the mental qualities of the candidate. Note 5: The interview test is not intended to be a test either of the specialized or general knowledge of the candidates which has been already tested through their written papers. Candidates are expected to have taken an intelligent interest not only in their special subjects of academic study but also in the events which are happening around them both within and outside their own State or Country as well as in modern currents of thought and in new discoveries which should rouse the curiosity of well educated youth. COURSE SCHEDULE GENERAL STUDIES PRELIM-CUM-MAINS-CUM-INTERVIEW 2014 COURSE Duration: Course Coverage: Till November, 2014 Prelims Exam: Paper I General Studies Paper II CSAT Mains Written Exam: Paper – I Essay Paper-II General Studies- I Paper-III General Studies- II Paper-IV General Studies- III Paper-V General Studies- IV Mains Interview: Personality Test (200 Marks) (200 Marks) (250 Marks) (250 Marks) (250 Marks) (250 Marks) (250 Marks) (275 Marks) (Lectures with Study materials and test series) Timing: WEEK DAY BATCHES Monday to Friday WEEK DAY BATCHES Monday to Friday WEEK DAY BATCHES Monday to Friday WEEK DAY BATCHES Monday to Friday FORT 07.00 am to 09.00 am DADAR 06.30 pm to 08.30 pm THANE 07.00 am to 09.00 am NERUL 07.30 am to 09.30 am WEEK END BATCHES POWAI Saturday Sunday 03.00pm to 07.00pm (Note: Schedule subject to change without prior intimation) Test Series: Regular Subject-wise and Full Syllabus Test Series Prelims Paper I II Mains Paper I to V `.55, 000/- (12.36% Service Tax extra) Fees: GENERAL STUDIES MAINS-CUM-INTERVIEW 2013 COURSE Duration: Course Coverage: 4 months Mains Written Exam: Paper – I Essay Paper-II General Studies- I Paper-III General Studies- II Paper-IV General Studies- III Paper-V General Studies- IV (250 Marks) (250 Marks) (250 Marks) (250 Marks) (250 Marks) Mains Interview: Personality Test (275 Marks) (Lectures with Study materials and test series) Timing: DADAR Saturdays Sundays (Note: Schedule subject to change without prior intimation) Test Series: Regular subject-wise Full syllabus test series (Paper I to V). Fees: `.35, 000/- (12.36% Service Tax extra) 09.00 am to 07.00 pm OPTIONAL SUBJECT – 2013 COURSE Duration: Timing: HISTORY Saturday (4 hours) Sunday (4 hours) PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION Saturday (4 hours) Sunday (4 hours) POLITICAL SCIENCE Saturday (4 hours) Sunday (4 hours) GEOGRAPHYNERUL Saturday (4 hours) Sunday (4 hours) SOCIOLOGY Saturday (4 hours) Sunday(4 hours) (Note:Schedule subject to change without prior intimation) FORT 09.00 am to 01.30 pm DADAR 09.00 am to 01.30 pm THANE 09.00 am to 01.30 pm Till October 2013 09.00 am to 01.30 pm POWAI 09.00 am to 01.30 pm Test Series: Fees: Regular topic-wise full syllabus Test Series (Paper VI VII) `.20, 000/- (12.36% Service Tax extra) INTERVIEW (PERSONALITY TEST) Duration: Course Content: 3 Months Mock interviews. 1 year Current Affairs sessions Debates on topics of national, international and social relevance Seminars and Presentations `.10, 000/-(12.36% Service Tax extra) â€Å"A. A. Shah’s Book House†IAS exclusive Bookshop All relevant Books, Magazines, Materials, Photocopies, Previous Years Question Papers (Solved – unsolved) For General Studies all Optional Subjects in UPSC available at all branches; Fort Dadar Thane Nerul Fees: COURSE FOR UNDER-GRADUATES PRE-IAS FOUNDATION COURSE A. A. SHAHs Foundation Course is formulated in such a manner that the students get used to the basic content of the Civil Services Examination syllabus at an early stage. The objective of foundation course is to sensitize the aspirants with the essential knowledge and skills which will lay a sound foundation for his\her pursuit in Civil Services Examination. Considering the maturity level of the aspirants, a phased approach is recommended. Accordingly the foundation course will be introduced as the first stage in the course of preparation before CSAT and Mains preparation stages commence. They will have a clear edge over fresher’s in their year of attempting Civil Services Examination. Eligibility for Foundation Course: Course Duration: Students of XI, XII, 1st year Degree course and 2nd year Degree course 2 Years coaching including 6 months Test Series, interactive lectures and discussions on weekly and monthly basis. Based on syllabus of General Studies papers of Civil Servi ces Prelims Exams of UPSC. Current Affairs, General Knowledge,Indian Polity, History, Geography, Science,Economics, CSAT: Comprehension, Interpersonal Skills, Logical Reasoning, Decision Making Problem Solving, General Mental Ability, Basic Numeracy, Data Interpretation, English Language Comprehension Skills. Course content: Students will be trained in the technique of reading newspapers, magazines and making notes to help them in their preparation for Civil Services Exams conducted by UPSC. Field visit will also be scheduled to understand governance and development issues in India. (Charges Extra) Batch Timing : Tue Thu Sat Course Fee: WEEK DAY BATCHES Mon Wed Fri (FORT NERUL) (DADAR THANE) 04.00 pm to 06.00 pm 04.00 pm to 06.00 pm (Note: Schedule subject to change without prior intimation) `.35, 000/(12.36% Service Tax extra) (Note: Students enrolled for Pre-IASFoundation Course are eligible for 30% fee concession in General Studies Prelim-cum-Mains-cum-Interview Course) AA Shah’s Young IAS for student s of Std. I to XI Abacus Young IAS Elementary Course Vedic Math Group Tuition Young IAS Intermediate Course ABOUT US â€Å"A. A. Shah’s IAS Institute, Mumbai†, as the name suggests, is an institute dedicated to IAS aspirants in Mumbai. We have branches located at Fort, Dadar, Powai, Thane and Nerul.Branches at Fort, Dadar, ThaneNerulare at walking distance from respective Railway Stations. The branch at Powai is near IIT Main Gate. We provide coaching for General Studies and other optional subjects, as per new pattern. We have recently added Reading Room and Libraryfacility at selected branches. We have free counseling sessions to help all IAS aspirants at each stage of preparation to overcome difficulties, nervousness and to resolve queries. We also help in arranging lodging facilities near the institute for dedicated and out-station students. â€Å"A. A. Shah’s IAS Institute, Mumbai† has been set up to groom the winner in you. Coaching at A. A. Shah’s does not end at the end of a lecture. We shall be equal stakeholders in your preparation, which requires complete dedication and full commitment to ensure success. Civil services Exam preparation is not an easy job. In the present competitive scenario, you have to ensure that you stay ahead in the race. The institute shall be a continuous source of motivation for all its students. We are thetrend-setter. We do not intend to replicate any institute in Mumbai or in Delhi. In the short span we have taken the lead position in the field of IAS coaching. We have been innovating at every step to bring forward the best techniques for your success. You shall be guided with all the RELEVANT (it is the key) materi al, the perfect strategy, all the necessary notes, study material, book list, previous years’ question papers and solutions. It shall be ensured that you have an all-round coverage of the syllabus. We expect complete discipline, seriousness and dedication from your side to bring out the winner in you. ‘AA Shah’s Book House’, an exhaustive exclusive Book Store, where your search for books, magazines, notes ends. We are also providing coaching for MPSC, Staff Selection and Banking apart from UPSC exams on public demand. Looking forward to be stakeholders in your preparation and success! CONTACT US : 9004078746 Fort Guru Kripa, Bahubali,Cawasji Patel Street, Behind People’s Book House, Between Hutatma Chowk Horniman Circle, Fort, Mumbai† 400 001. Tel: 022- 2204 4777 Mob: 9029098746 Dadar 221, Gohartaj Bldg., Dr. B. A. Road, Hindmata, Dadar (East), Mumbai † 400 014 Tel: 022- 2415 4777 Mob: 7738388746 Powai 1st Tel: 022- 25709911 Mob: 9029098748 139, Floor, Powai Plaza, Hiranandani Business Park, Near IIT Main Gate, Powai, Mumbai – 400 076. Thane Paranjpe Udhyog Bhavan, 3rd Floor, Opp. Shiv Sagar Restaurant, Ambedkar Chowk, Station Road, Thane (West) † 400 601 Tel: 022- 2540 4777 Mob: 8652744447 Nerul B†112, Floor, Nerul Railway Station Complex, Nerul (East), Navi Mumbai † 400 706. 1st Tel: 022- 2771 4477 Mob: 9773388746

Single-Instruction Stream Multiple-Data Stream Architecture

Single-Instruction Stream Multiple-Data Stream Architecture Introduction to SIMD Architectures SIMD (Single-Instruction Stream Multiple-Data Stream) architectures are essential in the parallel world of computers. Their ability to manipulate large vectors and matrices in minimal time has created a phenomenal demand in such areas as weather data and cancer radiation research. The power behind this type of architecture can be seen when the number of processor elements is equivalent to the size of your vector. In this situation, componentwise addition and multiplication of vector elements can be done simultaneously. Even when the size of the vector is larger than the number of processors elements available, the speedup, compared to a sequential algorithm, is immense. There are two types of SIMD architectures we will be discussing. The first is the True SIMD followed by the Pipelined SIMD. Each has its own advantages and disadvantages but their common attribute is superior ability to manipulate vectors. True SIMD: Distributed Memory The True SIMD architecture contains a single contol unit(CU) with multiple processor elements(PE) acting as arithmetic units(AU). In this situation, the arithmetic units are slaves to the control unit. The AUs cannot fetch or interpret any instructions. They are merely a unit which has capabilities of addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. Each AU has access only to its own memory. In this sense, if a AU needs the information contained in a different AU, it must put in a request to the CU and the CU must manage the transferring of information. The advantage of this type of architecture is in the ease of adding more memory and AUs to the computer. The disadvantage can be found in the time wasted by the CU managing all memory exchanges. True SIMD: Shared Memory Another True SIMD architecture, is designed with a configurable association between the PEs and the memory modules(M). In this architecture, the local memories that were attached to each AU as above are replaced by memory modules. These Ms are shared by all the PEs through an alignment network or switching unit. This allows for the individual PEs to share their memory without accessing the control unit. This type of architecture is certainly superior to the above, but a disadvantage is inherited in the difficulty of adding memory. Pipelined SIMD Pipelined SIMD architecture is composed of a pipeline of arithmetic units with shared memory. The pipeline takes different streams of instructions and performs all the operations of an arithmetic unit. The pipeline is a first in first out type of procedure. The size of the pipelines are relative. To take advantage of the pipeline, the data to be evaluated must be stored in different memory modules so the pipeline can be fed with this information as fast as possible. The advantages to this architecture can be found in the speed and efficiency of data processing assuming the above stipulation is met. SIMD BASICS Early microprocessors didnt actually have any floating-point capabilities; they were strictly integer crunchers.? Floating-point calculations were done on separate, dedicated hardware, usually in the form of a math coprocessor.? Before long though, transistor sizes shrunk to the point where it became feasible to put a floating-point unit directly onto the main CPU die, and the modern integer/floating-point microprocessor was born.? Of course, the addition of floating-point hardware meant the addition of floating-point instructions.? For the x86 world, this meant the introduction of the x87 floating-point architecture and its (now hopelessly archaic) stack-based register model. Actually, the addition of SIMD instructions and hardware to a modern, superscalar CPU is a bit more drastic than the addition of floating-point capability.? A microprocessor is a SISD device (Single Instruction stream, Single Data stream), and it has been since its inception. As you can see from the above picture, a SIMD machine exploits a property of the data stream called data parallelism.? You get data parallelism when you have a large mass of data of a uniform type that needs the same instruction performed on it.? A classic example of data parallelism is inverting an RGB picture to produce its negative.? You have to iterate through an array of uniform integer values (pixels), and perform the same operation (inversion) on each one multiple data points, a single operation.? Modern, superscalar SISD machines exploit a property of the instruction stream called instruction-level parallelism (ILP).? In a nutshell, this means that you execute multiple instructions at once on the same data stream.? (See my other articles for more detailed discussions of ILP).? So a SIMD machine is a different class of machine than a normal microprocessor.? SIMD is about exploiting parallelism in the data stream, while superscalar SISD is about exploiting parallelism in the i nstruction stream. There were some early, ill-fated attempts at making a purely SIMD machine (i.e., a SIMD-only machine).? The problem with these attempts is that the SIMD model is simply not flexible enough to accoodate general purpose code.? The only form in which SIMD is really feasible is as a part of a SISD host machine that can execute conditional instructions and other types of code that SIMD doesnt handle well.? This is, in fact, the situation with SIMD in todays market.? Programs are written for a SISD machine, and include in their code SIMD instructions. SIMD Machines The three SIMD machines covered in this paper are the Connection Machine by Danny Hillis, the Abacus Project at the MIT AI Lab, and the CAM-8 machine by Norman Margolus. These three machines give a pretty accurate sampling of the type of SIMD machines that were constructed as well as an idea of the motivations for creating the machines in the first place. The Connection Machine was composed of 65,536 bit processors. Each die consisted of 16 processors with each processor capable of communicating with each other via a switch. These 4,096 dies formed the nodes of a 12th dimension hypercube network. Thus, a processor was guaranteed to be within 12 hops of any other processor in the machine. The hypercube network also facilitated communication by providing alternative routes from source processor to destination. Each node was given a 12-bit node ID, and different paths between two nodes in the network could be traversed based on how the node ID was read. The network allowed for both packet and circuit-based communication for flexibility. The second machine discussed is the Abacus machine created at the MIT AI Lab. This machine was constructed primarily for vision processing. The machine consisted of 1024 bit processing elements set in a 2D mesh. The primary concept of interest from the design was that the processing elements were configurable, and used reconfigurable bit parallel RBP algorithms instead of traditional bit serial computation. This means that each PE emulated logic for part of an arithmetic circuit (be it an adder, shifter, multiplier,etc) based on a RBP algorithm. The motivation for having these configurable processingelements was to save on the silicon area needed to implement arithmetic. However,because there was a necessary overhead for reconfiguration and the implementation did not easily allow for pipelining due to data dependencies, it was not clear that having configurable processing elements was a definite win. SIMD versus Loop Pipelining We can consider two different models for mapping loops onto coarse-grained reconfigurable architecture SIMD and loop pipelining. SIMD computation model is efficient for computation intensive,data-parallel applications requiring less context words to configure reconfigurable processing elements. Since data load and computation are temporarily separated in this model, array elements are not efficiently utilized. In the case of loop pipelining, different operations in a loop can be executed simultaneously in a pipeline. With this flexibility, data load and computation can be simultaneously executed and all reconfigurable array elements can be efficiently used. In some loops, the performance of pipelining is roughly the same as the performance of SIMD. However, if a loop has frequent memory operations, the pipelining will render much higher performance. Reconfigurable Architecture The reconfigurable architecture that we propose consists of an ARM 926EJ-S processor, an SDRAM, a DMA controller, and a coarse-grained Reconfigurable Core Module (RCM) template, which is similar to Morphosys and specified in the DSE flow. The communication bus is AMBA AHB ,which couples the ARM 926EJ-S processor and the DMA controller as master devices and the RCM as a slave device. The ARM 926EJ-S processor executes control intensive, irregular code segments and the RCM executes data-intensive, kernel code segments. Design Space Exploration The design space exploration (DSE) flow of coarse-grained reconfigurable architecture. A design starts from profiling and partitioning of target application and defining an architecture from the tem plate. Data intensive, regular loops are selected from the profiling result and the rest of the application is modified to take care of synchronization. The selected loops are analyzed to determine the RCM structure from the template and the configuration words are generated. Design space exploration flow From the architecture specification, we can generate a SystemC description for fast architecture evaluation . Then the loop pipelining model is applied to the SystemC description. Binary configuration data are included in the executable code and overall performance of the application is evaluated on the transaction level platform. The transaction level modeling enables fast design space exploration at early stage . Finally, the architecture is designed at the RT level from the SystemC mo del and the performance is evaluated on the RTL platform. The RTL architecture is verified by FPGA prototyping. RCM Template Architecture RCM specification starts from the template architecture similar to Morphosys. Whereas the memory structure (frame buffer and configuration cache) of Morphosys support only the SIMD model, we support both SIMD and pipelining by modifying the memory structure. Types of memory:- Frame Buffer Frame buffer (FB) of Morphosys does not support concurrency between the load of two operands and the store of result in a same column. It is not needed in SIMD mapping. However, in the case of loop pipelining, concurrent load and store operations can happen between mapped loop iterations. So we modified the FB and bit-width of data bus is specified in the DSE flow. We simply added a bank to each set. Therefore, a bank can be connected to the write bus while the other two banks are connected to the read buses. Any combination of one-to-one mapping between the three banks and the three buses is possible. Configuration Cache Context memory of Morphosys is designed for broadcast configuration. So RCs in the same row or column share the same context word for SIMD operation. However, in the case of loop pipelining, each RC can be configured by different context word. So we modified the context memory and designated it as Configuration Cache. Configuration cache is composed of 64 Cache Elements(CE) and Cache Control Unit(CCU) for controlling each CE. Each CE has enough layers that enable dynamic reconfiguration and the number of layers is specified in the DSE flow. CCU supports 4 configuration modes(three broadcast modes and one individual mode) for efficient data assignment. RC Array Execution Control Unit If the main processor directly controls the RC array execution through AMBA AHB, it will cause high overhead in the main processor. In addition, the latency of the control will degrade the performance of the whole system, especially when dynamic reconfiguration is used. So we implement a control unit to control the execution of the RC array every cycle. The RC Array Execution Control Unit (RCECU) receives the encoded data for controlling RC execution from the main processor. The encoded data includes execution cycles, chip select, read/write mode, and addresses of FB and CCU for guaranteeing correct operations of the RC array. RCM Specification From profiling result, we find that ME and DCT functions occupymost of the execution time ME takes about 70% and DCT takes about 7.40%. Specifically, Sum of Absolute Differences (SAD) function called by ME takes about 47.7%. Furthermore, the two functions have regular loops that fit well with the RC array. We determine the RCM structure by analyzing the DCT and ME functions. The structure is similar to Morphosys but the bit-widthof the data bus is extended to 16 and some interconnects between RCs are added for the DCT function. In the case of Morphosys, horizontal and vertical express lanes exist to guarantee connectivity between quadrants but express lanes dont support concurrent data exchange between symmetrical RCs in the same row or column. Therefore the interconnects are added for removing data arrangement cycles . We do not expect much increase in the area with this modification but need quantitative analysis to see the effect.

Mathew Shepard Case Brief :: essays research papers

Matthew Shepard Case Brief Facts: Twenty one year old, University of Wyoming college student, Matthew Shepard, died October 12, 1998 at 12:53 a.m. after spending five days in a comma due to massive injuries and head trauma in a robbery and hate crime assault (Matthew Shepard, 2000 [on-line]). Matthew Shepard met Aaron McKinney (22) and Russell Henderson (21) of Laramie in a local bar called Fireside Lounge. McKinney and Henderson had been drinking. The two led Shepard to believe they were gay and lured Shepard to their truck. McKinney pulled out a gun and said, Guess what- we’re not gay and you’re gonna get jacked. McKinney then told Shepard to give him his wallet. When Shepard refused, McKinney hit him with the gun. With Henderson behind the wheel, McKinney continued to strike Shepard. McKinney then told Henderson to get a rope out of the truck. McKinney allegedly tied Shepard’s beaten body to a wooden split-rail post fence, robbed him of his wallet and patent leather shoes, continued to beat him and left him to die for over 18 hours. Chasity Vera Pasley (20) and Krista Lean Price (18), the suspect’s girlfriends, hid the bloody shoes of Henderson and provided the suspects with alibis. Shepard’s shoes, coat and credit card were found in McKinney’s pick-up truck; his wallet was found in McKinney’s home. A .357 Magnum was also found in McKinney’s home (Matthew Shepard, 2000 [on-line]). On April 5, 1999, 22 year old, Aaron McKinney was found guilty of felony murder, second-degree murder, kidnapping and robbery. 21 year old, Russell Henderson pled guilty to kidnapping and felony murder and was sentenced to two consecutive life terms. Two women described as the suspects girlfriends, Chasity Vera Pasley (20) and Krista Lean Price (18) were charged as accessories after the fact of first-degree murder (The Data Lounge, Issues 2000, [on-line]). Issues: Aaron James McKinney seemed to believe that his allegation that Shepard had made a pass at him was sufficient grounds to justify joining with friend Russell Henderson in savagely beating Shepard, clubbing him with a handgun, lashing him to a wooden fence and leaving him to die. McKinney’s attorney wanted the jury to accept that because McKinney has a homosexual encounter when he was younger and that he was under the influence of both drugs and alcohol when he alleges Shepard made a pass at him, that he was therefore not responsible for his actions.

Cystic Fibrosis: An Overview Essay -- Diseases, Disorders

Introduction Cystic fibrosis is an inherited disease that ultimately leads to death. It affects every racial group worldwide, but its prevalence varies from country to country. In those with cystic fibrosis, the lungs and digestive system are primarily affected by the disease. With the new developments in treatment and management, the 50 percent survival rate from the 1970’s has greatly improved, allowing patients to continue to live their lives longer than ever expected in the past. The new developments in prevention of exacerbations, therapy drugs and methods to preserve lung function have done great things to help patients extend their lives. Education is another important aspect of treating cystic fibrosis. For example, more the patient knows about the disease and the benefits of the treatment, the more likely he, or she, is to comply with their recommended therapy. Though the treatment can be very costly and time consuming, it gives cystic fibrosis patients the opportunity to g o to school, have jobs and even have families. These are normal events that go with aging that many cystic fibrosis patients may never have been able to dream of experiencing. Prevalence Cystic fibrosis is a recessive genetic disease. It is seen mainly in the Caucasian population, with 1 in 3,000 Caucasians having cystic fibrosis, but does affect every racial group. According to the Cystic Fibrosis Foundation Patient Registry, as of 2008, there were 30,000 patients with cystic fibrosis in the United States. Keeping this in mind, there are approximately 1,000 patients newly diagnosed with cystic fibrosis each year. The Cystic Fibrosis Foundation also estimates that there are approximately 70,000 children and adults with cystic fibrosis wo... ...fibrosis. In (2011). A.D.A.M medical encyclopedia A.D.A.M., Inc. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001167/ Clarithromycin therapy for patients with cystic fibrosis: A randomized controlled trial. Pediatr Pulmonol, Galli, F., Battistoni, A., Gambari, R., Pompella, A., Bragonzi, A., Pilolli, F., Iuliano, L., Piroddi, M., Dechecchi, M. C., Cabrini, G.. Oxidative stress and antioxidant therapy in cystic fibrosis, Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Basis of Disease Dowman, J. K., Watson, D., Loganathan, S., Gunson, B.K., Hodson, J., Mirza, D.F., Clarke, J., Lloyd C., Honeybourne D., Whitehouse, J.L., Nash, E.F., Kelly, D., van Mourik, I., Newsome, P.N.. (2012). Long-term impact of liver transplantation on respiratory function and nutritional status in children and adults with cystic fibrosis. American Journal of Transplantation,

K-Mart :: essays research papers

K-Mart Kmart is the #3 discount retailer in the United States behind Wal-Mart and Target. Kmart sells name brand and private label merchandise, mostly to low and mid - income families. It has more than 1,800 stores and currently employs more than 220,000 associates in all 50 states, Guam, Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands and owns an e-tailer BlueLight.com. As of Jan.30, 2002,Kmart had 124 Kmart Supercenters that combine a full grocery, deli, bakery, video rental and 24 hour/seven-days-a-week availability along with the general merchandise selection of a Kmart discount store. A core strength for the company continues to be the expansion of Kmart Exclusive brands such as Martha Stewart Everyday, Sesame Street, Jaclyn Smith, Kathy Ireland, and Route 66. These brands-nationally available only at Kmart- have progressively added to their assortments. Despite that, the company filed for Chapter 11 Bankruptcy protection on January 22, 2002, after a year in which its financial performance declined from unimpressive to bleak. The filing came a day after Kmart's major food distributor, Fleming Cos., said it had cut off most shipments to Kmart because the discounter failed to make its regular weekly payment for deliveries. Fleming said Kmart, its largest customer, owed $78 million. This bankruptcy filing let Kmart rid itself of unprofitable stores and shrink the payroll. The company has closed 284 unprofitable stores and laid off about 22,000 workers to pare costs. Kmart stores have fallen as consumers have slowed their spending and as rivals like Wal-Mart Stores and Target have tried to siphon off Kmart’s customers. In this paper, I will try to suggest some solutions to improve Kmart as a company as a whole and help increase its sales. First of all, Kmart needs to improve its marketing technigues. The problem that it’s facing right now is decreasing sales. What I think it should do is lower the prices. It will definitely attract more customers. For example, the reason that one of Kmart’s biggest competitors, Wal-Mart is doing so well is because Wal-Mart is known for its very low prices. Also, I think that Kmart should increase eye-capturing advertising. Not only should they increase the advertising, but they should try to appeal to different kind of customers. Kmart should make sure that its advertisements attract not only middle-aged population-mostly housewives, but it ought to attract more hipper/younger consumers. In addition, it needs to provide better quality of items. One main reason why Target is a

Equality, Diversity And Inclusion In Work With Children And Young People

Dominic might be feeling excluded, lonely, confused and have low self esteem as he could feel that the children he sees attending the school have a higher status in society as they are allowed to attend the school. He is old enough to have probably attended school in his home country before moving to Britain and may be missing it and may make him feel anger towards the country/system he has moved to. He will be worried for his Uncle in prison without understanding why he is there.Dominic may also feel an amount of resentment to his parents as he might not understand why they have not tried to get him into the school if this has not been discussed with him. He may feel disempowered as at such a young age he might not feel able to express his feelings succinctly to his parents. 4. How might the discrimination affect other children in the setting? If there are other children within the hostel who are attending the school they might feel that Dominic is different as he doesn’t go to school like them.This can lead to them not wanting to socialise with him as children have a propensity to shy away from people/situations that are different to their â€Å"norm†. The children that are living in the surrounding area would wonder why this child is not going to school like most of their peers. This could lead to them thinking that Dominic, and other asylum seekers are different to them and perhaps lower in the social sector. They may not want to socialise if they see him outside school in a park or play area for instance.This can perpetuate the problem. 5. What could be done to prevent the discrimination? The managers of the hostel, who will be getting income from the government to house the family, should have information on a notice board or in a folder in the room, for example, in many different languages about local authority contact details. It would also be hoped that they would notice that Dominic is not attending school and, if they could not communic ate effectively with his parents, contact the nearby school and explain the situation.As it is the governments’ policy to provide education for all children of compulsory school age, it is the LEA’s legal duty to ensure this happens. Therefore, when the family applied for asylum and they listed Dominic as being 7, the LEA should have been notified and have contacted Dominic’s parents. This is irrespective of the asylum status. Equality, Diversity and Inclusion in work with children and young people Case Study 2 1 Who is being discriminated against? The travelling community are being discriminated against.This case study highlights Sally in particular within the school setting. 2 What kind of discrimination is taking place? Cultural discrimination 3 How might the child experiencing the discrimination feel? Sally might be feeling a loss of motivation as she does not have a progress file, she may feel it is not worth trying her best as she may feel that there is no point as it is not cherished in the same way as her peer’s work is. This could also lead to resentment and anger.A child in this situation could feel depressed and confused, and that her work, and therefore herself as an individual, is not as valued as the other children in her class. This could bring on low self esteem. 4 How might the discrimination affect other children in the setting? The fact that Sally has settled into the nursery school well and that she is enjoying certain activities suggests that the discrimination is stronger amongst the adults in the setting rather than the children.As it is a nursery school the children will be younger and, to a certain extent, less likely to discriminate against Sally because she is a traveller. Another factor to this is that Sally has been there for 3 months which is a long time for children in this age range (normally 0-5 years old) to create friendship bonds, this however may be challenged if the other children notice that sh e is not being treated in the same way by not having a progress file. One very negative aspect is that it is stated that the local community have started a campaign to get the travellers removed from the area.The children within the homes of adults with this view may hear discussions and opinions that have a negative impact on how they see travellers themselves. This could be made worse if they learn that Sally, who is a traveller, is attending the same nursery as their own children and they may see her as someone they wish their children should stay away from. 5 What could be done to prevent the discrimination? The most obvious course of action would be that Sally’s key worker is challenged and reprimanded for her comments and for not having created a progress file for Sally.It should be explained to the key worker how this may make Sally feel and that especially as her key worker, it is the key workers role to make Sally feel included. Colleagues should have questioned why there was not a progress file for Sally, and a discussion, perhaps involving the parents of Sally, as to whether a progress file could be made for her to take with her if she did end up moving out of the area. This could be given to another nursery school as part of continuity in monitoring her progress in key stage 1.It can be difficult in an area where there is a lot of local opposition to a group in society but it would be the responsibility of the nursery to try to educate the children attending, about the travelling community, perhaps with stories and wall displays about their way of life and cultural beliefs. This could help to break the cycle of prejudice and the children may then challenge their parents views, making the parents stop and think about their own actions. Equality, Diversity and Inclusion in work with children and young people Case Study 3 1Who is being discriminated against? Daniel 2 What kind of discrimination is taking place? Stereotyping 3 How might the chil d experiencing the discrimination feel? Daniel might be feeling a sense of disempowerment as he might believe that he is unable to challenge the practice of the playgroup even if there are other children who would prefer not to the run around game before snack time as it is insinuated that the children are not asked what they would like to do. There may be other reasons why Daniel doesn’t enjoy the afterschool club that are not explained in the text.He may have hearing problems and more sensitive to noise, this could be made worse by there not being a separate room for the children to go to for some peace and quiet. It may be simply that he needs some quiet time after a long day at school but feels ostracised to a certain extent as, for him to do what he wants he is not only physically, but socially put outside the group to the corners of the room. Although Daniel is happy to play by himself at home, he is of an age and maturity, where he may feel that this is socially unacce ptable when in a large group. This may lead Daniel to feel depressed.How might the discrimination affect other children in the setting? There are probably other children in the setting that, like Daniel would benefit from some quiet time after school, they may be physically and mentally tired but feel that the expectation to join in with the group activity it too much to say no. This can, like Daniel, lead to them feeling disempowered as the playworkers will be encouraging them to conform to the rest of the groups activities. There may also be children with other disabilities, whether they are physical or behavioural that excludes them from joining in the activity.They might then feel depressed or angry that they are not able to participate in something that is done every day. The exclusion could then give them a sense of lowered self esteem. 5 What could be done to prevent the discrimination? The play group should look into finding a separate â€Å"chill out† area for the ch ildren to use. Ideally it would be a room adjacent to the hall so that the noise levels would be greatly reduced, but failing this, a partitioned area that had a television and perhaps a games console would be useful.There could be soft furnishings like bean bags and oversized comfortable pillows for the children to relax on and perhaps read a book at the opposite end of the â€Å"chill out† area to the television. There should also be a weekly rota as to what group activity happens, this could be based on asking the children themselves what group activities, if any, they would like. This could mean that the children who like taking part in a fun quiz, or craft session for example, would be able to participate in a group activity.This would still allow the children who enjoy the run around games the opportunity burn off some energy. Daniel should be assigned a key worker who should notice the difference in his attitude between the morning and afterschool club. If he is assign ed a different person or the key worker does not work both sessions, then there should be discussion between the staff. It should then be raised gently with Daniel and his parent/carer to find out what was wrong. Question 2 Consider how your own attitudes, values and behaviour could impact on work with CYP.My own culture, background and upbringing can have an effect on my attitude towards the children I am working with. It would be important to understand and recognise this as any personal prejudices may lead to me discriminating against certain groups or individuals. It is my legal duty to protect the rights of children and young people. I could overcome this by researching different cultures and disabilities, especially of those children I am working with and by knowing and understanding any special educational needs it would enable me to help and communicate better with the children.If I find out about their own back grounds, abilities and individual needs, it will enable me to b e more effective and provide more appropriate and personalised support for those children. It would also be personally empowering when dealing with a new situation I hadn’t expected.Question 3 Describe what is meant by the term ‘inclusion’ and how this is implemented in schools. Inclusion or inclusive practice is a method of identifying and understanding barriers to participation and belonging. It is then being able to breakdown these barriers to ensure that the children are able to fully participate in all aspects of their school.In a school where inclusion is practiced everyone feels valued. It is not about viewing everyone as the same, or providing everyone with the same equipment, but giving them all the same opportunities to achieve their best through a high quality of education and understanding. Differences and similarities are understood, accepted and celebrated. Pupils should be educated along side their class mates and not segregated when they need supp ort. An example of this could be a child with a sight disability having a magnifier on hand for work books, or the same information in large print ready for him for each lesson.

How far do you agree that the ‘Domino Theory’ explains US intervention in South East Asia in the 1950’s? Essay

The Domino theory is a significant motive in explaining US intervention in Vietnam, as not only the government accepted it, but the wider American Public did as well. However, there are other factors that influenced the US at the time, such as the Power vacuum in Vietnam after Dien Bien Phu, the Geneva accords and the loss of China to communism. The Domino theory is the theory that if one country ‘falls’ to communism then that communism would spread until all the countries have ‘fallen’ to it. The US intervened because of this as there was a great fear of communism around at the time. McCarthyism had just become a major issue, with many government officials being accused of being communist and as Truman had lost China, Eisenhower knew that if he ‘lost’ Vietnam, then his popularity would suffer greatly as the US public would think he was soft on communism. As a result, he would not be re-elected. The domino theory was significant because if Indochina fell to communism then there was a risk of the US losing Japan, after the effort the US put into restoring Japan after WW2 and all the trade that came from Japan, the US couldn’t afford for Japan to be threatened. Another significant reason why the US intervened in South East Asia was the power vacuum after Dien Bien Phu. The French were defeated and withdrew from Vietnam, and the US were worried that China, or even perhaps the Soviets would begin to take control. Then Ho Chi Minh emerged as a potential leader; Ho had spent time in Moscow and the US viewed him as a communist rather than a nationalist, which meant they feared him being in power and therefore, they had to get involved in South East Asia. Alternatively, the US may have intervened in South East Asia because of the lack of faith in the Geneva accords. The Geneva accords ended the war between France and the Viet Minh but partitioned Vietnam along the 17 parallel. Eisenhower was concerned that the power of North Vietnam might cause the accords to fail. If free elections were held then Vietnam would become a united communist country. Thus, Eisenhower adopted a policy of supporting Diem economically and militarily, to help contain communism. In addition, Eisenhower felt Ho had triumphed at Geneva and felt he had to ‘restore’ US prestige, this led to SEATO being created and as a consequence, further involved the US in South East Asia. In conclusion, the Domino theory was a very significant reason as to why the US intervened in South East Asia in the 1950s. although, other factors were of equal importance as everything just added together until the US had no choice to act or else they would have lost the ‘respect’ of the other countries. I think that the main factor was communism, around that time, everyone feared it and as a result, Eisenhower had to act.

Pollution and Beautiful Sea Corals

Pollution Pollution is an issue of concern in the modern world that we live in today. There are many types of pollution, namely air, water and noise. Pollution in our environment will undoubtedly affect our quality of life. Our naturally beautiful world becoming ugly because it is suffering from the effects of environmental pollution. Pollution can also cause various health problems and other negative effects. Air pollution is caused by the emission of toxic gases from vehicles, factories and open burning. Nowadays, there are more and more vehicles on the road as society gets more affluent.More and more people strive to have a better quality of life by having the convenience of driving to their destinations instead of taking public transportation. Automobiles provides transport to millions people around the world to enable them to travel to their workplace, school and other places, therefore, the air around us is getting more polluted by the carbon dioxide that is emitted. Carbon mon oxide is another type of gas which harmful to the environment as it can cause the reduction of oxygen in the bloodstream. Another example of contributor to the air pollution is the manufacturing factories.The manufacturing of products in factories to meet the growing demand of society is also causing air pollution. Factories release toxic gases to the environment. Some factories also use coal to generate heat and energy. As a result from the burning of coal, carbon dioxide is released into the environment. Besides factories, many people are still practising open burning as a way of disposing their household wastes. Although burning our household wastes is a convenient way of getting rid of our rubbish, it is harmful to the environment as it contributes to the worsening of the air quality.As a result, air pollution causes people to suffer from health problems such as chest pain and asthma. In extreme cases, people can contract lung cancer. Water pollution is also a problem that we ar e currently facing. The marine life is the first to suffer from water pollution as they depend on the nutrients in the water to survive. As a result, we are robbed of beautiful sea corals and unique species of fishes. Besides ruining our marine heritage, the disappearance of marine life will affect the livelihood of fishermen, not to mention our source of food.Water pollution is caused by harmful waster from industries, farms and sewerage systems which are dumped into our sources of water such as rivers and lakes. This irresponsible act contaminates our drinking water and can cause serious health problems and can even culminate in death. Noise pollution is another form of pollution. Noise from heavy machinery and vehicles can cause hearing problems and in extreme cases, deafness. As there is growing number of vehicles on the road, we are exposed to noise pollution every day.The government in advanced countries encourage their citizens to take the public buses and trains by providing an affordable and efficient transportation system. This effort discourages people from driving their private vehicles and consequently reduces the number of vehicles on the road. We must work together to reduce pollution so that the future generations can live in a healthy, unpolluted environment. As the saying goes, precaution is better than cure. Lets hands on hands together by recycle and conserve the world for the better future.

Help Children Who Are Chronic Liars Tell the Truth

Help Children Who Are Chronic Liars Tell the Truth Special educators will undoubtedly meet and teach students who seem to have difficulty telling the truth. Some of them may blame others to avoid getting in trouble, while some children may embroider elaborate stories as a means to join conversations. For other children, chronic lying may be part of an emotional or behavioral disorder. Behaviors and Coping Mechanisms The child who exaggerates, tells lies, or distorts the truth does so for a variety of reasons. A behavioral (ABA)  approach will always focus on the function  of the behavior, which in this case, is the lying.  Behaviorists identify four basic functions for behavior: avoidance or escape, to acquire something they want, to get attention, or for power or control. The same is true of lying. Often, children have learned a specific set of coping mechanisms. These are learned to avoid bringing attention to the childs inability to perform academically. These coping mechanisms also may come from children being raised by families that have poor coping mechanisms, mental health issues, or addiction problems. Children That Have Difficulty Telling the Truth Avoidance or escape. Students will often lie to avoid or escape a task they dont want to do or to avoid consequences that come with not completing an assignment or homework. If a student comes from a punitive home or has only experienced school as a punitive environment, it is common for students to lie. They do this to avoid the kind of punishment or shaming they have experienced at home or in a general education classroom, such as a teacher screaming. Acquire something they want. Everyone sometimes  shades the truth to get something they want. Children from homes that cannot or will not provide coveted items often steal, and then lie, in order to get items they would not generally have access to. This may include bright pencils, erasers in fun shapes, or highly desirable toys or games, such as Pokemon cards.   Attention. Chronic lying often falls in this category, though what a child may exhibit is, in  fact, poor social skills and the desire to command the attention of other students. They may create elaborate or fantastical stories that have no basis in truth but are a response to something the teacher or another student has said. Whether the purpose is to get attention by making extraordinary claims (my uncle is a movie star), or fantasy (I went to Paris with my cousins), positive attention for real accomplishments will reinforce correct and truthful behavior.   Power. Students who feel powerless or out of control may use lying in order to control the teacher, his or her peers, or another significant adult. Students may want to get their classmates in trouble, sometimes breaking or ruining something in the classroom on purpose. Chronic or habitual liars rarely feel good about themselves. It is recommended to look for patterns in the childs lying. Consider if the lying only occurs at specific times or in specific situations. When one has identified the function or purpose of the behavior, they can plan appropriate interventions.   12 Interventions and Tips Always model telling the truth and avoiding little white lies.In small groups, role-play with students on the value of telling the truth. This will take time and some patience. Identify telling the truth as a classroom value.Role-play the potentially devastating consequences of lying.Do not accept excuses for lying, as lying is not acceptable.Children should understand the hurtful consequences of lying and whenever possible, they should apologize for lying.Logical consequences need to be in place for the child who lies.Children will lie to protect themselves from the punishment of scolding. Avoid scolding but maintain a calm demeanor. Thank children for telling the truth. Apply a lesser consequence for a student who takes responsibility for their actions.Do not punish students for accidents. Cleaning up or apologizing should be the most appropriate consequence.Children need to be part of the solution and consequences. Ask them what they are prepared to give or do as a result of the l ie. Teachers can explain to the child that what he or she did is the problem. Teachers should reinforce that its not the child, but what he or she did that is upsetting, and explain why the disappointment is there.Catch the chronic liar telling the truth and commend them.  Avoid lectures and quick, irrational threats.

Consider this statement in relation to the Buddha of Suburbia Essays

Consider this statement in relation to the Buddha of Suburbia Essays Consider this statement in relation to the Buddha of Suburbia Paper Consider this statement in relation to the Buddha of Suburbia Paper their ethnicity is a literal reminder of difference and that they will have to work unjustly hard to belong in their new city center surroundings . Kureishi depicts both father and sons feelings of alienation, longing to belong and feeling it not only would enhance but is essential for their identity in Britain. trying to be more of an Englishman (7), resulted in vein for Karim and his father until Haroon discovers that by playing up to his Indian origin, becoming a caricature of himself and stereotyping himself to English peoples preconceived ideas concerning his Indian identity becomes much more rapid route to success. Karim hopes the city centre will enable him to shape and improve on his identity, thus giving meaning to his life; moreover, the discovery of constant reminders of his hybridism and difference show that a pure English identity is not something he is at liberty to have, it is not who he is. Karims history depicts that he is neither purely Indian nor purely British and instead of trying to be one or the other he must embrace being hybrid and form his personal identity as an individual around that. they never let him forget they thought him a nigger, a slave, a lower being. And we pursued English roses as we pursued England; by possessing these prizes, this kindness and beauty, we stared defiantly into the eye of the Empire and all its self-regard [ ]. We became part of England and yet proudly stood outside it. (8) Like his father Karim can only become part of the centre by caricaturing himself, and promoting his indian-ness while he believes the success of Charlie is due to his selling Englishness . Whilst acting, he is requested to play ethnic roles, and put on a broad Indian accent, to be authentically Indian even if he has never been to India; Shadwell reminds him that he has been cast for authenticity and not for experience(9). It is roles such as these that aid Karim to embrace both parts of his cultures. As John Clement Ball states, Father and son both become faux-Indians, successfully marketing back to the English warmed-over versions of their own popular appropriations of Indian culture (10). Haroon and Karim are identified by a constant representation of their culture and conform to these pre conceived ideas in order to achieve success. Furthermore as the English had a pre conceived idea of Karim and his father, Haroon was surprised that English reality was not how he had envisioned it. His impression of the British national identity was much more glorified than its reality Hed never seen the English in poverty, as road sweepers, dustmen, shopkeepers and barmen. Hed never seen an Englishman stuffing bread into his mouth with his fingers, and no one has told him that the English didnt wash regularly because the water was cold if they had water at all. And when Dad tried to discuss Byron in local pubs no one warned him that no every Englishman could read (11) Much of Karims story is about identification, specifically being an Englishman born and bred, almost (12). Caught between belonging and not, between his Indian heritage and desire to assimilate into British society, Karim invariably negotiates his hybrid identity (13); but his character seems to posit that there is a space for both identities as did Jeanette in Wintersons Oranges. He accepts much of his Indianness but also appropriates the qualities of British teenagers, revelling in dominant London fashions. Like his ethnic identification, Karims sexual identity is also ambigious. Karim claims that he has no preference to gender and will sleep with anyone, male or female. His first really defining sexual experience is with Charlie. Karims fluid sexuality positions him in a luminal role namely because he does not claim a homosexual/heterosexual identity nor an Indian/British identity exclusively; thus, he is consistently forced to negotiate between such binaries. Karim becomes involved in an increasingly accelerating social circle, associating with the arts community and participating in theatre, he begins a sexual relationship with Eleanor, an actor whom Karim truly loves describing their relationship, saying, Id never had such a strong emotional and physical feeling before (14). For the first time, sex gains an emotional component, a marked difference from his prior sexual relationships. Success begins to appear on Karims horizon, treating his family to dinner and stating I began to enjoy my own generosity. . . I felt the pleasure of pleasing others (15). Although, this pleasure is fuelled by materialism and money, Karim begins his transmogrification from a totally self-involved space to a place of awareness and caring for others. Thus his former identity is shown evolving into yet another hybrid, the old and the new. Witerson and Kureishi present us with narratives of bildungsroman adolescents struggling to keep up with their renewing identity through interaction with one another and their surroundings. Both deal with the deviance of sexual identity and difference.Through both arise issues of religious conflict and struggle. References 1. Winterson, Jeanette, Oranges are not the only fruit, Pandora 1985 2. Winterson, Jeanette, Oranges are not the only fruit, Pandora 1985 pg 165 3. Winterson, Jeanette, Oranges are not the only fruit, Pandora 1985 4. As above 5. Woolf, Viginia, Mrs Dalloway, Wordsworth Editions Ltd; New Ed edition (Aug 1996) 6. Kureishi, Hanif, Buddah of suburbia, Penguin Books 1991, p3 7. Kureishi, Hanif, Buddah of suburbia, Penguin Books 1991,p21 8. As above p227 9. As Above p147. 10. Ball, John Clement, The semi-detached metropolis: Hanif Kureishis London, ariel 1996 p20 11. Kureishi, Hanif, Buddah of suburbia, Penguin Books 1991 p24-25 12 13 Kureishi, Hanif, Buddah of suburbia, Penguin Books 1991 p3 14. As above p187 15. As above p283. BIBLIOGRAPHY 1. spiralnature. com/magick/chaos/chaoticidentity. html Ball, John Clement. The Semi-Detached Metropolis: Hanif Kureishis London. ARIEL: A Review of International English Literature. Vol 27, No 4 (October 1996): 7-27.

To Measure the Immune Response essays

To Measure the Immune Response essays To Measure the Immune Response, through Lysozyme Activity and Leucocyte Counts in Atlantic salmon infected with ADG, Neoparamoeba pemaquidensis Neoparamoeba pemaquidensis is an amoeboid protozoan that causes amoebic gill disease (AGD) in salmonids in several different countries (Mundy et., 2001). AGD is the main disease affecting the salmon industry in Australia (Powell & Clark 2004), and is the most important infectious disease affecting sea-caged salmon in Tasmania (Findlay & Munday 1998) it has been reported that pre-existing gill lesions and other amoebae may play a role in the pathogenesis of this disease (Munday et al. 1990), Little information is available on the epidemiology of AGD and the biology of Neoparamoeba pemaquidensis the aetiological organism of AGD. The disease appears as white mucoid patches on the surface of the gill lamellae, with pronounced mucous production (Mundy et al 1990). N. pemaquidensis has been associated with sever gill disease and significant mortalities among salmon reared in seawater (Bruno and Poppe, 1996). The immune response of a fish is strong and measurable (Kuby 1997). The non-speci fic, innate arm of the immune system exists to either prevent pathogens from entering the host or prevent multiplication and colonization of the microbe within the host (Kuby 1997). Innate immunity comprises four types of defensive barriers (Anatomic barriers, physiological barriers Phagocytic and endocytic barriers). Phagocytic and endocytic barriers consist of cells that phagocytose or endocytose foreign macromolecules and break them down, and specialized phagocytic cells (monocytes, macrophages, and neutrophils) (Kuby 1997). Leucocytes can be classed as neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes and thrombocytes. Lymphocytes can be broken down into two populations of both Band T lymphocytes which recognise antigens and therefore produce the reciprocal antibody and stimulants such as cytokines, which inturn stimulates t...

Click, and Facebook revises privacy by Tim Dick

Click, and Facebook revises privacy by Tim Dick The text is Click, and Facebook revises privacy by Tim Dick. The article discusses the issue of privacy on the Internet taking Facebook as a bright example of how your interests and activity can be revealed to other users of this global social network. According to Veer (2010), privacy concerns exist among all people that use the internet.Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on Click, and Facebook revises privacy by Tim Dick specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The internet that facilitates sharing of information is exploited by unscrupulous users. Email and Facebook users are some of the countless victims of the deplorable state of privacy online. Facebook has set up various measures to guard against the breach of privacy which is a fundamental right. However, the entity has performed poorly with regard to this aspect. As such, Facebook has been a recipient of massive criticism for its failure to uphold and guard pr ivacy. It is true that Facebook seems to be failing in its efforts to secure the users’ private data (Veer 2012, p.150). Social sites ought to protect their users’ information from online predators and sniffers whose key objective is to use the users’ information for their selfish gains. In social sites, massive data is at risk owing to such malpractices. Warfel (2008) attests that social sites contain a lot of personal information. Such information should be secured so that no one without permission has access to it. Breach of privacy would have countless repercussions such as identity theft and defrauding. The article fails to highlight some of the implications of security lapses in Facebook. Privacy is the major concern in the article. Nonetheless, Facebook seems to treat such a concern lightly yet it pertains to colossal amounts of private information. Thus, as stated in the article, Facebook says privacy and the trust of its users are important to it. We d ont share information we receive about you with others, it says, with three large exceptions: when it has your permission, gives you notice of its intentions or passes on your information without identifying you (Dick n.p.). Privacy should be the chief concern for Mark Zuckerberg who is constantly reassuring users of the safety of their data. Nevertheless, many stakeholders question Facebook’s efforts to secure the privacy of users’ information (Warfel 2008, p. 7).Advertising Looking for critical writing on communications media? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Facebook’s attempts to secure its users’ information have entailed creating a system which allows the users to make a list of people who can access their information. According to Abram (2012), online predators have the capability to bypass such a system set up by this organization. In addition, an Australian critic has made allegat ions that the entity had been analysing trends based on the information posted by Facebook account holders. Such analysis would enable Facebook to forecast certain trends that can give them an advantage over their rivals. Information based on the above analysis would have a massive business value. This has been a key trigger of privacy breaches on Facebook and other social sites. The assertions made by the article are valid since Facebook has about 800 million users. If information is power, than analysing information from the Facebook would precipitate massive information with great business value. Furthermore, the social site presents a massive pool of social site users who can be victims of various unscrupulous schemes perpetrated by criminals (Abram 2012, p.70). The article paints an accurate graphic of the current state of privacy on Facebook and other social site. The entity seems to be distracted by its monopolistic rivals. These rivals, such as Google, are making massive rev enues. Hence, Facebook seems to be overlooking grave matters as it enacts features aimed at out-doing its rivals such as Google. The rivalry among these entities has triggered innovations that characterize the social sites sector. Nonetheless, vital concerns have been compromised in this rivalry. Facebook should prioritize the privacy of the users’ information. Thus, Facebook should build systems that can secure the users’ data. In conclusion, the article highlights privacy as the key concern in social sites by providing adequate factual information. References Abram, C 2012, Facebook for Dummies, John Wiley’s and Sons, New Jersey. Dick, T 2011, Click, and Facebook revises privacy, The Student Modern Herald. https://www.smh.com.au/technology/click-and-facebook-revises-privacy-20110930-1l1cr.html.Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on Click, and Facebook revises privacy by Tim Dick specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Veer, V 2010, Facebook: The Missing Manual: The Missing Manual, O’Reilly Media Inc., California. Warfel, E 2008, Perceptions of Privacy on Facebook, Rochester Institute of technology, Master’s Thesis.

Market Analysis Report

Market Analysis Report Market Analysis Report Market Analysis Report: What should You Know about It? Whether you are going to start new business, launch a new product or enter a new market, first of all, it is very important to make market analysis in order to find out the results of such actions. Other words, market analysis helps you forecast whether you will be successful or not. One should stress that your business future often depends on such study. That is why it is necessary for you to be able to make good market analysis. Thus, it becomes obvious why you have often to write different market analysis reports. What Is a Market Analysis Report? A market analysis report is the presentation of the results that you have obtained when studying a market situation. It should reflect the main steps that you took when study the problem. As a rule, a market analysis report should conta

How to gain experience without experience 7 ways to land your dream job

How to gain experience without experience 7 ways to land your dream job If you currently have the day job that pays the bills but isn’t quite building towards your career goals, or you want to switch career tracks, then you have to be smart about collecting the skills you need to bolster your resume. Beyond the day job, there are ways to demonstrate and build the skills that will look good to future employers and prove your worth in a new position. It may take a little bit of hustle and some extra unpaid labor, but it can pay off in the long run. 8 ways to gain skills to get the job you want1. Target the entry-level positionFirst, you need to research the skills you need. Figure out the places where you find yourself saying, â€Å"I’d love to work there, if only†¦ † or â€Å"I’d love to do this, but first I need to†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Find out specifics. What are the skills emphasized in these job ads? What skills do you currently have that are transferrable? Then, work from there. Setting your sights on an entry-level job in your preferred industry while building the skills required for the dream job are a winning combo.2. Take classesMost importantly, you want to figure out ways you can build these skills beyond the traditional workplace setting. Building skills through small certificate programs or local or online classes are a good way to learn and demonstrate your abilities. Taking classes can also show your motivation to prospective employers.Online courses are a convenient way to build your skills or interests on your own time. Whether it’s a Google Analytics certificate, or a continuing studies course in graphic design at your local art school, you can find low-cost ways to build your skills in a new area.3. Take on self-motivated projectsDid you take that class in graphic design? Great. Now make a website of your sample work. Gather a portfolio. Take the knowledge you have and translate it into action. This extra step can lead to a showcase of your skills and work beyond a line on a resume, and it demonstrates to future employers your ability to take initiative.4. Build your online presenceBeyond a website, there are a number of social media platforms available to keep you informed on your industry of choice and help you interact with that industry. â€Å"Liking† an organization on social media and staying up-to-date is the first step. In addition to following any appropriate feeds, you can build your own presence surrounding that field, while developing your knowledge. For example, if you want to work in a museum, follow art news feeds and link to articles you find interesting. A lot more employers are looking at prospective employees’ social media, so let that be a plus for you.Beyond these basics of staying on top of industry trends, you can build your own stories on YouTube, Snapchat, Instagram, Twitter, or your platform of choice. Investing the time to engage with your industry will keep you informed of opportunities available and the skills you need to get the position you want.5. Consider a side gigPart-time work or freelance work is a great way to get your foot in the door for a new position. It likely won’t come with benefits, but it can help you develop skills and experience in a new area as a stepping stone toward a full-time position. These smaller side gigs can help bolster your resume with smaller projects related to your desired in dustry.6. Explore internship opportunitiesWhile an internship often requires a bigger (and often unpaid) commitment than a side gig, getting one at an organization can often lead to longer-term work. Helping with a company’s odds and ends can also really show you an insider’s view of the industry and what it is like working at a particular organization.7. VolunteerWhether it’s working on a political campaign, for a local environmental humanitarian organization, at a neighborhood food bank, or anywhere else that needs a helping hand, volunteering can demonstrate your passion and commitment to more than just your own personal goals. Employers also often value soft skills like collaboration, so you can let your volunteer work speak to that side of your merit.You can also gain job skills in whatever aspect of the work you do on a voluntary basis. If you want to work in marketing, for example, volunteering to assist on a marketing department campaign at a service or ganization can help you gain necessary skills and insight and help you land your next job.8. Find opportunities at workThe easiest way to go about gaining skills is to look at the place that already pays you to do work. Find projects within your current job that can support a career move and help you build new skills- whether it’s simply offering help on a project for a colleague or directly asking your superiors for opportunities. You can slowly gain experience that will expand your resume and still get paid to do it. Get an idea, take some initiative, and go for it.

Ethics and Values in the Work Place Research Paper

Ethics and Values in the Work Place - Research Paper Example The discussions about international business ethics are as old as international business itself. Throughout the decades of the 1980s and 1990s business ethics was mainly a branch of learning being trained in business schools and argued by scholars. (Charles, 2003) However, by the end of the 20th century business practitioners deal with numerous intimidating issues. A few more imperative concerns are sheathing yield of production, oppressive societal and narrow costs, dissatisfied and unfaithful staffs, a growing surge of worldwide antagonism, geopolitical turbulence, erratic currency structures, and periodic pressures of inflation, depression, and universal market volatility. A profound acquaintance of values and ethics drive business practitioners, their employees, and their organizations to do what they do might well assist them not only to endure current complexities but also to provoke the influential social and technical streams renovating the global business structure. (Frederi ck, 1995) D'Silva (2007) defines business ethics and values as an ability to distinguish between right and wrong, good and bad etc. Anything one may consider appropriate conscientiously may be regarded as ethical and vice versa. However this simply not enough as stated by D'Silva (2007) values and ethics comprise one's intellects to discriminate between moral and immoral in addition to willingness to facilitate someone in a positive manner. Business Ethics may be an approach of honorable doctrines practiced in the business world globally. It imparts strategies for suitable conduct by corporations not only in the policy formulation but in routine activities as well. A moral attempt has so far become essential in the determination of the reputation of the business and ultimately the success of course. In order to achieve this reliable status, business concerns are now making efforts to prepare and follow ethical codes of conduct decoding into the perceptions of commercial and individual account ability. A Model of Ethical decision making McDevitt, et. al., (2006) have created a model of ethical decision-making that amalgamates the decision making procedure plus the content variables taken into consideration by those coping with ethical problems. The model explains the decision-making procedure in surroundings of disagreements, alternatives and assurance with content variables. An improved interpretation of the procedure will help managers in coming up with strategies that improves the probability of ethical conduct in their firms. External environment Figure 1: Adopted from McDevitt, et. al., (2006) A number of Subject matter variables have been presented by the researchers to elucidate the ethical decision making but here only few are chosen in context with the application. These are individual and situational variables. As Figure 1 demonstrates how individual traits of a person are associated with different situational aspects to reach a final decision. Need of Educating Values and Ethics in Business Schools for Career Development As stated by Cornelius, N. et. al., (2007) in order to meet the call of the day it has become a

Community studies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Community studies - Essay Example The first method that can be used is the formation of controlled social institutions. This involves formation of centralized and controlled development initiatives such as training centers, Polytechnics among others. These are controlled by the relative government authorities in order to provide education aimed at avoiding overexploitation of resources. Through these institutions, individuals can get to learn different skills as well as how to manage the different scarce resources that is available. The second method that can be employed is encouraging environmental sustainability in the community. This can be done by educating people the importance of practicing sound environmental processes aimed at preservation. For example, conservation of water and water catchment areas and forests, and managing the utilization of natural resources like wood. Wider goals involve global environmental protection through campaigns that educate people on the importance of cutting down carbon emissio n that has contributed to global warming (Wulfhorst & Haugestad, 2006). Economic Sustainability is the other method that can be employed. It involves effective management of capital including human-capital, natural- capital and knowledge- capital. Irreversible resource depletion should be avoided or controlled, for instance mining and oil exploration. Other measures include implementing affordable tax structure, as well as proper fiscal and monetary policies. Finally, the use of social sustainability can be applied. This involves effective management of social relations within a community including how the members of the society relate with each other. This can be achieved through allowing various social freedoms such as freedom of religion, congregation or association. Implementation of social initiatives such as community projects bring people together and enhance social relationships (Wulfhorst & Haugestad, 2006). All these practices

1200 Middle Ages Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

1200 Middle Ages - Essay Example With my caravan of servants I find myself in a city in the Kingdom of Georgia named Apsaros. This city is a port on the Black Sea. I traveled here to trade with another caravan of merchants which I had been told came from Persia. I met them and they took me into their tents. I could not help but notice that their women never spoke and wore garb from head to toe. Our Greek women, though not immodest, are allowed to show their faces. Not these women. Though I had little to trade, I did fortunately have a large amount of gold coins that I had acquired months prior. With these coins I bought from these Persians many silver plates (a famous Persian product) and, as luck had it, several roles of silk. The head merchant of the Persians, a man by the name of Mahbod Arsham, told me the silk came from yet another group of traders who had traveled across the Asian steppe, to the other side of the Pamir Mountains, where they had encountered a band of Mongolian nomads. Having traveled south, we find ourselves in the Ayyubid Caliphate city of Ar Roha. We are not here for trading purposes. Another large caravan of Muslim traders arrived in the city at about the same time we did. Some of these men were not just any Muslims, they were followers of Sufism. One of them named Abdelaziz Ibn Nasab was kind enough to tell me about his group’s beliefs. He said that they follow all the rules of Islam but also seek to control their bodily impulses. This reminded me of the ascetics in my native Byzantium. They rigorously study the Quran and the teachings of Muhammed. Muslims believe in the submission of oneself to Allah, their god. The Quran is very important, central even, to their religion. The Sufists pride themselves not only as Muslims but also as Muslims who have sought to purify themselves before god. For them the seeker of the divine path, the Dervish, must dedicate himself to fulfilling Allah’s word as expressed in the Quran. I now find myself in

Describing a situation where leadership was properly exemplified or Essay

Describing a situation where leadership was properly exemplified or not - Essay Example Ethical issues / Behavior The leadership style of Nelson Mandela is exemplified in the way he handled ethical issues that came his way. Mandela had a strong sense of what was right and what was wrong. He did not let societal prejudices and his former experiences determine how he handled things. He was a man of high ethics, and that is why he fought against the social injustices that were being meted out against South Africans. His belief in doing the right thing landed him in jail, but even this did not stop him from fighting for the rights of others (25). His ethical leadership is also seen in the way he handled the AIDS scourge in South Africa. While many leaders chose to not talk about the topic, Mandela took the bull by the horns. The death of his son that was caused by AIDS did not stop him from speaking about the disease and this not only helped reduce stigmatization of people suffering from the disease, it also helped create awareness (Limb 46). Political Perspective The leade rship qualities that Mandela possessed enabled him to steer a country torn apart by racial segregation to prosperity. He was a well loved figure among the African majority who had suffered a lot under the apartheid regimes. He could have used his power and his popularity to avenge himself and his people. However, he had the insight of a great leader, and so this is one path that he avoided. Instead, he decided to use his political clout to unite the people of South Africa. His political legacy speaks for itself. Though he had the power to ‘punish’ the whites in South Africa, he chose the path of humility and forgiveness (Boehmer 41). His decision to keep South Africa politically stable by avoiding any activities that could have given rise to racial tensions may have saved the nation from political turmoil. Many African leaders are known to hold on to power even when their time to give it up has come and gone. For Nelson Mandela, he did not hold onto power for longer tha n was necessary. He was ready to give others a chance to lead South Africa, even though he was still popular enough to continue being the president. It could be said that Mandela showed a level of political maturity that is very rare in the African continent. He paved the way for a peaceful transition of leadership and this put him up amongst the most respected politicians not only in Africa, but in the whole world as well. His exemplary political leadership is not only appreciated in South Africa, Mandela has proved to be a reliable and respectable statesman in his international missions (58). Economical Perspective When South Africa gained majority self rule in 1994, many pundits thought that the country would suffer economically. Their opinions were shaped mainly by what had occurred in many African countries where poor leadership had disintegrated the economy. However this was not to be during Mandela’s tenure as president (Limb 87). He was a focused leader who did not le t little matters of perceived racial discrimination affect the way he run his country. This way he was able to retain the investments that had so far made South Africa the economic powerhouse it was. His leadership was also very clean and open, in that he did not condone any form of corruption. He was an honest individual and he led using an honesty policy (Boehmer 94). Social